stacd.conf

  nvme-stas 3.0

Name

stacd.conf — stacd(8) configuration file

Synopsis

/etc/stas/stacd.conf

Description

When stacd(8) starts up, it reads its configuration from stacd.conf.

Configuration File Format

stacd.conf is a plain text file divided into sections, with configuration entries in the style ``key``=``value``. Spaces immediately before or after the “=” are ignored. Empty lines are ignored as well as lines starting with “#”, which may be used for commenting.

Options

[Global] section

The following options are available in the “[Global]” section:

tron=

Trace ON. Takes a boolean argument. If ``true``, enables full code tracing. The trace will be displayed in the system log such as systemd’s journal. Defaults to ``false``.

hdr-digest=

Enable Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Header Digest. Takes a boolean argument. NVMe/TCP facilitates an optional PDU Header digest. Digests are calculated using the CRC32C algorithm. If ``true``, Header Digests are inserted in PDUs and checked for errors. Defaults to ``false``.

data-digest=

Enable Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Data Digest. Takes a boolean argument. NVMe/TCP facilitates an optional PDU Data digest. Digests are calculated using the CRC32C algorithm. If ``true``, Data Digests are inserted in PDUs and checked for errors. Defaults to ``false``.

kato=

Keep Alive Timeout (KATO) in seconds. Takes an unsigned integer. This field specifies the timeout value for the Keep Alive feature in seconds. Defaults to 30 seconds for Discovery Controller connections and 120 seconds for I/O Controller connections.

ip-family=

Takes a string argument. With this you can specify whether IPv4, IPv6, or both are supported when connecting to a Controller. Connections will not be attempted to IP addresses (whether discovered or manually configured with controller=) disabled by this option. If an invalid value is entered, then the default (see below) will apply.

Choices are ``ipv4``, ``ipv6``, or ``ipv4+ipv6``.

Defaults to ``ipv4+ipv6``.

nr-io-queues=

Takes a value in the range 1…N. Overrides the default number of I/O queues created by the driver.

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Default: Depends on kernel and other run time factors (e.g. number of CPUs).

nr-write-queues=

Takes a value in the range 1…N. Adds additional queues that will be used for write I/O.

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Default: Depends on kernel and other run time factors (e.g. number of CPUs).

nr-poll-queues=

Takes a value in the range 1…N. Adds additional queues that will be used for polling latency sensitive I/O.

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Default: Depends on kernel and other run time factors (e.g. number of CPUs).

queue-size=

Takes a value in the range 16…1024.

Overrides the default number of elements in the I/O queues created by the driver. This option will be ignored for discovery, but will be passed on to the subsequent connect call.

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Defaults to ``128``.

reconnect-delay=

Takes a value in the range 1 to N seconds.

Overrides the default delay before reconnect is attempted after a connect loss.

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Defaults to ``10``. Retry to connect every 10 seconds.

ctrl-loss-tmo=

Takes a value in the range -1, 0, …, N seconds. -1 means retry forever. 0 means do not retry.

Overrides the default controller loss timeout period (in seconds).

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Defaults to ``600`` seconds (10 minutes).

disable-sqflow=

Takes a boolean argument. Disables SQ flow control to omit head doorbell update for submission queues when sending nvme completions.

Note: This parameter is identical to that provided by nvme-cli.

Defaults to ``false``.

ignore-iface=

Takes a boolean argument. This option controls how connections with I/O Controllers (IOC) are made.

There is no guarantee that there will be a route to reach that IOC. However, we can use the socket option SO_BINDTODEVICE to force the connection to be made on a specific interface instead of letting the routing tables decide where to make the connection.

This option determines whether stacd will use SO_BINDTODEVICE to force connections on an interface or just rely on the routing tables. The default is to use SO_BINDTODEVICE, in other words, stacd does not ignore the interface.

BACKGROUND: By default, stacd will connect to IOCs on the same interface that was used to retrieve the discovery log pages. If stafd discovers a DC on an interface using mDNS, and stafd connects to that DC and retrieves the log pages, it is expected that the storage subsystems listed in the log pages are reachable on the same interface where the DC was discovered.

For example, let’s say a DC is discovered on interface ens102. Then all the subsystems listed in the log pages retrieved from that DC must be reachable on interface ens102. If this doesn’t work, for example you cannot “ping -I ens102 [storage-ip]”, then the most likely explanation is that proxy arp is not enabled on the switch that the host is connected to on interface ens102. Whatever you do, resist the temptation to manually set up the routing tables or to add alternate routes going over a different interface than the one where the DC is located. That simply won’t work. Make sure proxy arp is enabled on the switch first.

Setting routes won’t work because, by default, stacd uses the SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option when it connects to IOCs. This option is used to force a socket connection to be made on a specific interface instead of letting the routing tables decide where to connect the socket. Even if you were to manually configure an alternate route on a different interface, the connections (i.e. host to IOC) will still be made on the interface where the DC was discovered by stafd.

Defaults to ``false``.

[I/O controller connection management] section

Connectivity between hosts and subsystems in a fabric is controlled by Fabric Zoning. Entities that share a common zone (i.e., are zoned together) are allowed to discover each other and establish connections between them. Fabric Zoning is configured on Discovery Controllers (DC). Users can add/remove controllers and/or hosts to/from zones.

Hosts have no direct knowledge of the Fabric Zoning configuration that is active on a given DC. As a result, if a host is impacted by a Fabric Zoning configuration change, it will be notified of the connectivity configuration change by the DC via Asynchronous Event Notifications (AEN).

Table 1. List of terms used in this section:

Term

Description

AEN

Asynchronous Event Notification. A CQE (Completion Queue Entry) for an Asynchronous Event Request that was previously transmitted by the host to a Discovery Controller. AENs are used by DCs to notify hosts that a change (e.g., a connectivity configuration change) has occurred.

DC

Discovery Controller.

DLP

Discovery Log Page. A host will issue a Get Log Page command to retrieve the list of controllers it may connect to.

DLPE

Discovery Log Page Entry. The response to a Get Log Page command contains a list of DLPEs identifying each controller that the host is allowed to connect with.

Note that DLPEs may contain both I/O Controllers (IOCs) and Discovery Controllers (DCs). DCs listed in DLPEs are called referrals. stacd only deals with IOCs. Referrals (DCs) are handled by stafd.

IOC

I/O Controller.

Manual Config

Refers to manually adding entries to stacd.conf with the controller= parameter.

Automatic Config

Refers to receiving configuration from a DC as DLPEs

External Config

Refers to configuration done outside of the nvme-stas framework, for example using nvme-cli commands

DCs notify hosts of connectivity configuration changes by sending AENs indicating a “Discovery Log” change. The host uses these AENs as a trigger to issue a Get Log Page command. The response to this command is used to update the list of DLPEs containing the controllers the host is allowed to access. Upon reception of the current DLPEs, the host will determine whether DLPEs were added and/or removed, which will trigger the addition and/or removal of controller connections. This happens in real time and may affect active connections to controllers including controllers that support I/O operations (IOCs). A host that was previously connected to an IOC may suddenly be told that it is no longer allowed to connect to that IOC and should disconnect from it.

**IOC connection creation. ** There are 3 ways to configure IOC connections on a host:

  1. Manual Config by adding controller= entries to the “[Controllers]” section (see below).

  2. Automatic Config received in the form of DLPEs from a remote DC.

  3. External Config using nvme-cli (e.g. “nvme connect”)

**IOC connection removal/prevention. ** There are 3 ways to remove (or prevent) connections to an IOC:

  1. Manual Config.

    1. by adding exclude= entries to the “[Controllers]” section (see below).

    2. by removing controller= entries from the “[Controllers]” section.

  2. Automatic Config. As explained above, a host gets a new list of DLPEs upon connectivity configuration changes. On DLPE removal, the host should remove the connection to the IOC matching that DLPE. This behavior is configurable using the disconnect-scope= parameter described below.

  3. External Config using nvme-cli (e.g. “nvme disconnect” or “nvme disconnect-all”)

The decision by the host to automatically disconnect from an IOC following connectivity configuration changes is controlled by two parameters: disconnect-scope and disconnect-trtypes.

disconnect-scope=

Takes one of: ``only-stas-connections``, ``all-connections-matching-disconnect-trtypes``, or ``no-disconnect``.

In theory, hosts should only connect to IOCs that have been zoned for them. Connections to IOCs that a host is not zoned to have access to should simply not exist. In practice, however, users may not want hosts to disconnect from all IOCs in reaction to connectivity configuration changes (or at least for some of the IOC connections).

Some users may prefer for IOC connections to be “sticky” and only be removed manually (nvme-cli or exclude=) or removed by a system reboot. Specifically, they don’t want IOC connections to be removed unexpectedly on DLPE removal. These users may want to set disconnect-scope to ``no-disconnect``.

It is important to note that when IOC connections are removed, ongoing I/O transactions will be terminated immediately. There is no way to tell what happens to the data being exchanged when such an abrupt termination happens. If a host was in the middle of writing to a storage subsystem, there is a chance that outstanding I/O operations may not successfully complete.

Values:

``only-stas-connections``

Only remove connections previously made by stacd.

In this mode, when a DLPE is removed as a result of connectivity configuration changes, the corresponding IOC connection will be removed by stacd.

Connections to IOCs made externally, e.g. using nvme-cli, will not be affected, unless they happen to be duplicates of connections made by stacd. It’s simply not possible for stacd to tell that a connection was previously made with nvme-cli (or any other external tool). So, it’s good practice to avoid duplicating configuration between stacd and external tools.

Users wanting to persist some of their IOC connections regardless of connectivity configuration changes should not use nvme-cli to make those connections. Instead, they should hard-code them in stacd.conf with the controller= parameter. Using the controller= parameter is the only way for a user to tell stacd that a connection must be made and not be deleted “no-matter-what”.

``all-connections-matching-disconnect-trtypes``

All connections that match the transport type specified by disconnect-trtypes=, whether they were made automatically by stacd or externally (e.g., nvme-cli), will be audited and are subject to removal on DLPE removal.

In this mode, as DLPEs are removed as a result of connectivity configuration changes, the corresponding IOC connections will be removed by the host immediately whether they were made by stacd, nvme-cli, or any other way. Basically, stacd audits all IOC connections matching the transport type specified by disconnect-trtypes=.

**NOTE. ** This mode implies that stacd will only allow Manually Configured or Automatically Configured IOC connections to exist. Externally Configured connections using nvme-cli (or other external mechanism) that do not match any Manual Config (stacd.conf) or Automatic Config (DLPEs) will get deleted immediately by stacd.

``no-disconnect``

stacd does not disconnect from IOCs when a DPLE is removed or a controller= entry is removed from stacd.conf. All IOC connections are “sticky”.

Instead, users can remove connections by issuing the nvme-cli command “nvme disconnect”, add an exclude= entry to stacd.conf, or wait until the next system reboot at which time all connections will be removed.

Defaults to ``only-stas-connections``.

disconnect-trtypes=

This parameter only applies when disconnect-scope is set to ``all-connections-matching-disconnect-trtypes``. It limits the scope of the audit to specific transport types.

Can take the values ``tcp``, ``rdma``, ``fc``, or a combination thereof by separating them with a plus (+) sign. For example: ``tcp+fc``. No spaces are allowed between values and the plus (+) sign.

Values:

``tcp``

Audit TCP connections.

``rdma``

Audit RDMA connections.

``fc``

Audit Fibre Channel connections.

Defaults to ``tcp``.

connect-attempts-on-ncc=

The NCC bit (Not Connected to CDC) is a bit returned by the CDC in the EFLAGS field of the DLPE. Only CDCs will set the NCC bit. DDCs will always clear NCC to 0. The NCC bit is a way for the CDC to let hosts know that the subsystem is currently not reachable by the CDC. This may indicate that the subsystem is currently down or that there is an outage on the section of the network connecting the CDC to the subsystem.

If a host is currently failing to connect to an I/O controller and if the NCC bit associated with that I/O controller is asserted, the host can decide to stop trying to connect to that subsystem until connectivity is restored. This will be indicated by the CDC when it clears the NCC bit.

The parameter connect-attempts-on-ncc= controls whether stacd will take the NCC bit into account when attempting to connect to an I/O Controller. Setting connect-attempts-on-ncc= to 0 means that stacd will ignore the NCC bit and will keep trying to connect. Setting connect-attempts-on-ncc= to a non-zero value indicates the number of connection attempts that will be made before stacd gives up trying. Note that this value should be set to a value greater than 1. In fact, when set to 1, stacd will automatically use 2 instead. The reason for this is simple. It is possible that a first connect attempt may fail.

Defaults to ``0``.

[Controllers] section

The following options are available in the “[Controllers]” section:

controller= Controllers are specified with the controller option. This option may be specified more than once to specify more than one controller. The format is one line per Controller composed of a series of fields separated by semi-colons as follows:

controller=transport=[trtype];traddr=[traddr];trsvcid=[trsvcid];host-traddr=[traddr],host-iface=[iface];nqn=[nqn]

Fields

transport=

This is a mandatory field that specifies the network fabric being used for a NVMe-over-Fabrics network. Current ``trtype`` values understood are:

Table 2. Transport type

trtype

Definition

rdma

The network fabric is an rdma network (RoCE, iWARP, Infiniband, basic rdma, etc)

fc

The network fabric is a Fibre Channel network.

tcp

The network fabric is a TCP/IP network.

loop

Connect to a NVMe over Fabrics target on the local host

traddr=

This is a mandatory field that specifies the network address of the Controller. For transports using IP addressing (e.g. rdma) this should be an IP-based address (ex. IPv4, IPv6). It could also be a resolvable host name (e.g. localhost).

trsvcid=

This is an optional field that specifies the transport service id. For transports using IP addressing (e.g. rdma, tcp) this field is the port number.

Depending on the transport type, this field will default to either 8009 or 4420 as follows.

UDP port 4420 and TCP port 4420 have been assigned by IANA for use by NVMe over Fabrics. NVMe/RoCEv2 controllers use UDP port 4420 by default. NVMe/iWARP controllers use TCP port 4420 by default.

TCP port 4420 has been assigned for use by NVMe over Fabrics and TCP port 8009 has been assigned by IANA for use by NVMe over Fabrics discovery. TCP port 8009 is the default TCP port for NVMe/TCP discovery controllers. There is no default TCP port for NVMe/TCP I/O controllers, the Transport Service Identifier (TRSVCID) field in the Discovery Log Entry indicates the TCP port to use.

The TCP ports that may be used for NVMe/TCP I/O controllers include TCP port 4420, and the Dynamic and/or Private TCP ports (i.e., ports in the TCP port number range from 49152 to 65535). NVMe/TCP I/O controllers should not use TCP port 8009. TCP port 4420 shall not be used for both NVMe/iWARP and NVMe/TCP at the same IP address on the same network.

Ref: IANA Service names port numbers

nqn=

This field specifies the Controller’s NVMe Qualified Name.

This field is mandatory for I/O Controllers, but is optional for Discovery Controllers (DC). For the latter, the NQN will default to the well-known DC NQN: “nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress.discovery” if left undefined.

host-traddr=

This is an optional field that specifies the network address used on the host to connect to the Controller. For TCP, this sets the source address on the socket.

host-iface=

This is an optional field that specifies the network interface used on the host to connect to the Controller (e.g. IP eth1, enp2s0, enx78e7d1ea46da). This forces the connection to be made on a specific interface instead of letting the system decide.

dhchap-secret=

NVMe In-band authentication host secret (i.e. key); needs to be in ASCII format as specified in NVMe 2.0 section 8.13.5.8 Secret representation. If this option is not specified, the default is read from /etc/stas/sys.conf (see the ‘key’ parameter under the [Host] section). In-band authentication is attempted when this is present.

dhchap-ctrl-secret=

This is an optional field that specifies the NVMe In-band authentication controller secret (i.e. key) for bi-directional authentication; needs to be in ASCII format as specified in NVMe 2.0 section 8.13.5.8 ‘Secret representation’. Bi-directional authentication will be attempted when present.

hdr-digest=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

data-digest=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

nr-io-queues=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

nr-write-queues=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

nr-poll-queues=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

queue-size=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

kato=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

reconnect-delay=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

ctrl-loss-tmo=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

disable-sqflow=

See definition in [Global] section. This is an optional field used to override the value specified in the [Global] section.

Examples:

controller = transport=tcp;traddr=localhost;trsvcid=8009
controller = transport=tcp;traddr=2001:db8::370:7334;host-iface=enp0s8
controller = transport=fc;traddr=nn-0x204600a098cbcac6:pn-0x204700a098cbcac6

exclude= Controllers that should be excluded can be specified with the exclude= option. Using mDNS to automatically discover and connect to controllers, can result in unintentional connections being made. This keyword allows configuring the controllers that should not be connected to.

The syntax is the same as for “controller”, except that only ``transport``, ``traddr``, ``trsvcid``, ``nqn``, and ``host-iface`` apply. Multiple exclude= keywords may appear in the config file to specify more than 1 excluded controller.

Note 1: A minimal match approach is used to eliminate unwanted controllers. That is, you do not need to specify all the parameters to identify a controller. Just specifying the ``host-iface``, for example, can be used to exclude all controllers on an interface.

Note 2: exclude= takes precedence over controller. A controller specified by the controller keyword, can be eliminated by the exclude= keyword.

Examples:

exclude = transport=tcp;traddr=fe80::2c6e:dee7:857:26bb # Eliminate a specific address
exclude = host-iface=enp0s8                             # Eliminate everything on this interface

See Also

stacd(8)